Radio Technology

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Wallace Flint was the first person to suggest an automated checkout system in 1932. But the history of modern barcode begun only in 1948, when Bernard Silver, a graduate student of Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia, asked his friend Norman Woodland to develop a system to automatically read product information during checkout.

The first coding system was developed by Woodland, a twenty-seven-year-old graduate of the same institute. On October 7, 1952, Woodland and his friend Silver were awarded a patent for this invention named “Classifying Apparatus and Method.” Woodland’s first idea was to use patterns of ink that would glow under ultraviolet light. The barcode Woodland and Silver developed was a “bull’s eye” symbol, made up of a series of concentric circles. Later, the barcode was made up of a pattern of four white lines on a dark background. Information was coded and classified in these lines.

The barcode was first commercialized in 1967, when RCA installed the first scanning systems at a Kroger store in Cincinnati. In 1969, NAFC asked Logicon. Inc. to develop an industry-wide barcode system. They developed Part 1 and 2 of the UGPIC (Universal Grocery Products Identification Code) in 1970. Based on this, a Uniform Grocery Product Code was formed. In 1973, the U.S. Supermarket Ad Hoc Committee recommended the adoption of the UPC symbol set, which is still in use. This was developed by George Laurer of IBM. In June 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at Marsh’s supermarket in Troy, Ohio. It was developed by NCR Corp. The first product scanned was ten-pack of Wrigley’s Juicy Fruit chewing gum.

The industrial application of barcodes began in late 1950s, and in 1967, the Association of American Railroad adopted an optical barcode, but it was abandoned in 1970. In September 1981, the United States Department of Defense adopted the use of Code 39 for marking all products sold by the United States military, called LOGMARS. This was the event that popularized barcodes. Today, this is a billion dollar business. In 1962, Silver died, and in 1992, Woodland was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Bush.

If you are very familiar with the Android system products, like Android phone, Android tablet and so on, you may know that the shooting quality of Android products is just-so-so. Even if the products are developed by Sony Ericsson and Samsung, the shooting pictures cannot reach top class. However, there is several shooting software on Android that can satisfy the users. They are very interesting to use. Now let us have a look at two of them.

The first is the Retro Cam. This is an automatic miniature camera. There are only a total of five special good effects for the players to apply. But the only five special good effects, you will fall in love with them. Each of them is excellent. After you enter this software, you will see an operation interface with the background similar to the LOMO camera. Then click the icon on the left bottom. Then you will be paged to the photo album. All the photos are hanging on the interface just like the scenes in the darkroom where the photo become the finished product.

If you click the icon on the right bottom, you will go to the interface to pick different camera effect. The choice is among five kinds. You can preview the effect about the camera before you make decision. The menu key of the phone can also lead you to this operation. If you want the shooting to be more interesting, you can go to the setting to do more funny settings. The settings mainly contain the set of shutter sound, flashlight, delay self-time and so on. Among them, high resolution is the most important function, which can enlarge the size of the pictures. This application is available on some cell phones and Android tablets.

The second is the Moving axis camera. In my opinion, the playability of this camera among the Android products is the highest. To some extent, this software can surpass the famous Camera 360. Once you enter the soft, there will be a strange interface in front of you. The big red icon on the right top is the shutter. Then on the bottom, there is an icon leading you to the setting interface. When we talk about is setting, I want to say that its setting interface is very full.

In addition to the normal shooting mode, there are all kinds of LOMO mode, continuous capture mode, as well as delay self-time. This is a feature that even the Camera 360 does not have. The highlight of this shooting software is its professional adjusting setting. It can be used on your Android tablet. You can have a try. There are the settings of response rate, Metering mode, Screen trembling eliminate, brightness, contrast ratio and saturation level.

Aeronautical or aerospace engineering is now becoming one of the challenging streams of engineering with wide scope of career prospects. Young aeronautical engineers get easily recruited in the field of aviation, space research and exploration as well as in defense. The engineers of this stream are required to have good aptitude in technical and mechanical skills. There are many aeronautical engineering institutes in India. There the young students are taught with techniques of designing, development, construction, testing, operation and maintenance of the air craft, missiles, and satellites developed for both commercial and military purposes.

The Eligibility for Getting Admission in Aeronautical Engineering Institutes

The following are the criteria for getting admission in the reputed institutes for studying Aeronautical Engineering in India.

Passing out 12 th standard with the combination of physics, chemistry and Mathematics with 60% and above. Should qualify in the JEE conducted by the IITs or screening tests conducted by other aeronautical Institutes. Soft skills include possession of good observation power with an analytical mind. He or she is required to be healthy and fit. Must have good eyesight. Poor eyesight and color blindness are often the grounds of elimination of aspiring aeronautical engineers. The students should have a good command over their communicational and crisis managerial skills.
Scope of Aeronautical Engineering in India

Young aeronautical engineers are mostly absorbed by ISRO or Indian Space Research Institute and the national defense ministry. Job opportunities are also available in institutes like Department of Civil Aviation, National Aeronautical Laboratory, Defense Research, Development Laboratories or DRDO and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited or HAL.

Scope of Aeronautical Engineering Abroad

The counties like United States of America, United Kingdom, France and Germany have great scope for aeronautical engineers. A good number of technicians in NASA are Indian engineers.

The following is the list of educational Institutes that offer specialized degree on Aeronautical Engineering.

Names of Aeronautical Engineering Institutes

Dhaneshwar Rath Institute of Engineering & Management Studies in Orissa Indian Institute of Aeronautical Science in Delhi Indraprasth Institute of Aeronautics in Haryana Jaya Engineering College in Tamil Nadu M V J College of Engineering in Karnataka Madras Institute of Technology in Tamil Nadu P S N College of Engineering & Technology in Tamil Nadu Park College Of Engineering Technology in Tamil Nadu Rajlakshmi Enginering College in Tamil Nadu Shree Jwala Jee Institute of Aeronautical Engineering in Uttar Pradesh St Peters Engineering College in Tamil Nadu

The IITs in India also offer the course at a post graduation level. There are also other institutes in India that train aspiring aeronautical engineers. You are recommended to go for a thorough research work on the status of the institutions before you get admitted to your preferred engineering college.